We learn to install a ladder in a private house with our own hands on our detailed instructions with photos and diagrams

January 14, 2018 handmadebase

We install a staircase in a private house with our own handshands Thanks to the generally stable economic situation in the country, many families can now afford to have their own private home. Some of them are increasingly building them in several (at least two) floors. Naturally, without stairs, moving around such a building will be difficult. Seemingly simple, a staircase design cannot do without preliminary correct calculations and an understanding by the master of the peculiarities of human walking. The reliability of the staircase, its functionality and aesthetic appearance can greatly suffer from incorrect calculations or the wrong choice of material. All this needs to be given due attention. In principle, stairs make the interior space of houses more elegant and complement the feeling of prosperity.If you decide to undertake the installation of a staircasewith your own hands, then you should have not only the skills to use tools, but also a set of basic knowledge regarding the main components of stairs and their varieties. The following information will be especially useful for those who decide to take on such work for the first time. Types of stairs in private houses. The modern variety of stairs and materials from which they can be made is extremely large. However, knowing their range is not enough, it is necessary to understand the design features of each and operational characteristics. Do not be afraid of this, it is better to be patient. Most owners of houses with several floors install mainly 3 types of stairs: on bolts, spiral and ordinary marching. They can act as walk-through, interfloor, entrance or working stairs. At the same time, their construction is acceptable not only inside the house, but also outside. Glass, metal, artificial and natural stone, concrete or reinforced concrete, plastic, wood and combinations of them - this is an incomplete list of materials that are used in the manufacture of staircase structures. Decide on the purpose of the ladder, the loads planned for it, assess your financial capabilities, study the advantages and disadvantages of each type, and then you will be able to make the right choice.Option No. 1. Spiral staircase.They resort to this kind of ladders,Basically, when there is not enough space to install a regular straight staircase, or when another type of construction is impossible. Of course, such a staircase is less comfortable to use, but its main advantage is different - it saves free space. As a rule, it is used to connect with basements or attics. Spiral staircases do not spoil the interior of the house at all, but on the contrary, they bring neat elegance and uniqueness. Spiral staircases are often made of wood, plastic, metal and even stone, although the latter material is not only expensive, but also difficult to work with. Option No. 2. Marching staircase.Definitely the most popular versionstairs: they have become so widespread not only historically. Here, the simplicity of manufacture and the presence of design features that take into account human mechanics when walking play an important role. Such stairs require significantly more free space (usually more than three square meters), which, naturally, can be classified as a disadvantage. Although when equipping a flight staircase, there is an opportunity to save space, which is facilitated by rotary flight structures with interfloor landings. The list of materials for the manufacture of such stairs, in principle, is the same as when equipping spiral ones. It is only worth noting that concrete and wood hold the lead here. The first due to its cost-effectiveness and durability, and the second due to its environmental friendliness and traditionality. Option No. 3. Stairs on bolts.This type of staircase borrowed its namefrom the German language, where the word "bolzen" means "bolt". Large rods, bolts or pins are screwed or embedded into one of the walls, and steps are laid on them. The undeniable advantage of bolted stairs is their compactness and savings on materials. But on the other hand, they are only suitable for stone houses with strong walls. The frame and handrails for bolted stairs are made, of course, of metal, and the steps themselves are made of glass, wood, concrete or metal. Despite their apparent fragility, bolted stairs are able to withstand significant loads. Staircase elements in the house. Like most structures, a staircase includes a number of elements that are made separately and then combined with each other. Despite the fact that some staircase elements change depending on its type, it is advisable to get acquainted with each of them. This is especially important in the design process.Steps.They are also a composite element consisting of a riser and a tread. The horizontal surface on which your foot rests when walking up the stairs is the tread. Its size is selected depending on the convenience of placing the step on it. Most experts are inclined to believe that the optimal width for a tread is 30 centimeters. Its length determines, in turn, the width of the future staircase. Here it is advisable not to go beyond 90-150 centimeters.The vertical part connecting two treads,is called a riser. It is usually 15-20 centimeters high. Some craftsmen make stairs without a riser to create an unusual design. Please note: in spiral staircases, the width of the two edges of the steps is different. The widest step, for example, can be 45 centimeters, with a central part of approximately 25 centimeters. Support beams. It is quite logical that the stair steps should be attached to something. Support beams are intended for this purpose, which exist in 3 types: a post, a stringer, and a bowstring. The first of these is used for spiral staircases, and the second two are for marching staircases. A bowstring is a wooden beam more than 50 mm thick, in which cuts are made on the inside for treads. In contrast, a stringer has triangular cuts for steps. Posts for a spiral staircase are usually made of stone, metal, concrete or wood. Railings. Their purpose is very important - to ensure safety when walking on the stairs. Railings basically have two main structural elements - balusters and handrails. The support for the handrails are balusters, which together perform the function of fencing for the stairs. There are cases when the handrails can be fixed to the wall. As a rule, the material for the railings is selected in accordance with the main material of the steps. In order not to get confused in the terminology, you should understand that the flight is a row of steps with railings, separated by landings. Installing a staircase with your own hands. As a theater begins with a coat rack, so the installation of a staircase begins with a project. Its development can be done independently in one of the computer programs, or ordered from a specialized organization, where they will not only carry out all the necessary calculations, but also make a drawing of the stairs (naturally, not for free). If you decide to do the design yourself, then you should take into account a set of basic rules, features and requirements for the design of different types of staircase structures. We are talking about the place of their installation, size and level of inclination. Place for installing the stairs. The parameters described above are significantly affected by the location of the future staircase. To make the right choice, you should know several main rules: - if the area planned for placing the stairs is less than three square meters, you cannot do without a spiral staircase, in any other case, you are free to choose between a bolted and a flight of stairs; - the most comfortable are recognized as flight stairs, but not everyone can afford their length (more than 4 meters). In this case, it is worth making a rotary flight of stairs; - a bolted staircase is impossible without a supporting structure into which its fasteners are embedded or screwed. The size of the stairs.The size of the future staircase is largely determined notnot only by the availability of the necessary space for it, but also by the convenience of walking on it. For example, the width of a spiral staircase is usually one meter. The same indicator for a bolted or flight staircase varies within 1.2-1.5 meters, which is convenient for the simultaneous movement of two people.Of course, the width of the spiral staircase can bemake it 1.5 meters, but this will entail an increase in the area it will occupy. The sum of all the steps of the staircase, from the initial to the last, is the length of the staircase structure, and for the turning one, the landing is also taken into account.The height is even easier to determine – itidentical to the height between floors (from floor to floor). The first tread should be at the height of the riser, and the top one should be at the level of the floor of the next floor. The angle of the stairs. Experts tend to consider the ideal level of slope of the stairs to be 45 degrees. However, it is not always possible to achieve it. Often, homeowners are forced to construct staircase structures at an angle of 55 degrees or even more, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the convenience of walking on it.Attention!All three dimensional parameters of the staircase: the angle of inclination, the width of the tread and the height of the riser are interconnected. When the angle of inclination decreases, the width of the tread increases and the height of the riser decreases. And with an increase in the angle, the tread decreases and the riser increases. In our table, according to the level of inclination, the sizes of the riser and tread are indicated. According to the table, you can see for yourself that the most comfortable stairs are those with an angle of 30-45 degrees. Installation of a spiral staircase structure.The installation of this type of stairs is considered oneof the most complex, due to the fan-shaped arrangement of the steps. If you decide to build such a staircase, then follow the following instructions:

start making steps. In case you plan to make a staircase wooden, take a wide board and mark it diagonally under one or two steps. Then cut it and process the edges. In the case of choosing a stone staircase, it will be processed in a special workshop. Stone can be replaced with concrete. To do this, we create a form of future steps, in which we lay reinforcing bars, fill cement mortar or concrete and expect final drying out;

pre-made steps, produceinstallation of a vertical stand (support). In accordance with your project, it will be either integral or set-up. With the stacking rack, first mount the main support (pipe diameter of about 5 centimeters), which is put on the bushing and calcination of rubber. With a single stand, grooves are made in the places where the steps are fastened, and then the steps are laid;
Now let's go directly to the installationsteps. Take pre-made blanks and put it on the pipe, pressing it with a wide bushing. Then extend the steps with a fan and connect them to each other with vertical brackets, for extra strength of our design. Or, as an option, fix them with the bolts to the wall. In the case of using an integral support, the steps are installed in the grooves, similarly connected by brackets and strengthened by the bolts;
work is completed with the manufacture of handrails and theirinstallation. This stage can be considered one of the most difficult, because the balusters will have to be sharpened from solid pieces of material, and the handrails should be made arcuate.

Installation of a flight of stairs.The production of such a staircase, in comparison withscrew, it is easier, however, you should not relax and you need to fully comply with the correct technology. Directly, the installation will consist of the following stages:

First of all, we make risings and treads. Having marked out and sawing out the boards, we have to process their edges, providing them with smoothness and evenness;

then we start making support beams -bowstrings or stringers. To make the latter from wood, you need to create a template that will look like a rectangle and completely correspond to the size of the step itself. We need to mark the parts for the cutout, applying the resulting template to the beam. Then carefully saw them out. To create a bowstring, we must mark points for the grooves at certain intervals along the inside of the beam, into which we will later insert the treads. The grooves must have the same angle of inclination as the stairs. When making a staircase from metal, it will be most acceptable for you to weld the corners under the steps from the inside;
completing the process of manufacturing support beams, weit is necessary to install them in place, firmly securing there. If you planned a platform on the stairs, then first install it, and only then the supporting beams;
Let's start installing the steps.First install the riser and fix it, and then the tread. Self-tapping screws will do for fastening, which we will "sink" flush. In metal stairs, we place wooden treads on corners and fasten them to them with self-tapping screws;
After completing the installation of the steps, we begin the installation of balusters and handrails.

So, as you can see, make a staircase inprivate house with your own hands is not a super-complicated task. Naturally, today it is possible to buy a ready-made staircase. Having decided to buy it, keep in mind that the price will start from one thousand USD, so it will be much more profitable to create a staircase with your own hands.

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